Dialysis is a medical process through which a person's blood is cleansed of the toxins the kidneys normally would flush out. It is generally used when a person's kidneys no longer function properly. This can be a result of congenital kidney disease, long-term diabetes, high blood pressure or other conditions.
Duration of dialysis
In individuals with chronic kidney disease, the build up of urea and other waste products in the blood (uremia) leads to several symptoms such as vomiting, itching, swelling of the feet, legs and body and extreme weakness. If left untreated, symptoms can be severe and the uremia may even lead to death.
In the case of chronic renal failure, the kidneys do not improve and people need dialysis for the rest of their lives, unless they are a suitable candidate for kidney transplant. Some cases of acute kidney disease, however, can be treated and dialysis may only be required in the short term.
Treatment locations for haemodialysis
Haemodialysis can be done by you at home, or for those people who need extra medical support, it can be performed at a dialysis unit at a hospital or a satellite centre. Your healthcare professionals will advise you of your available options. Haemodialysis is needed at least three times a week. At a dialysis unit, you will have permanent regular appointments for a four to five hour dialysis session.
If you are dialysing at home, your schedule will be tailored to your needs and may include shorter or longer sessions, with three to six treatments each week. The extra treatments will help you to feel healthier.
If you choose to have haemodialysis at home, special plumbing will be installed and the machine will be provided, along with all the supplies you need. You will learn to manage your own dialysis. A spouse, friend, carer or partner can be trained to assist you, but some people dialyse by themselves.
Having dialysis at home means you can choose to dialyse when it suits you – at any time during the day or overnight while asleep. At home, it is also possible to dialyse more often, which has health benefits.
While dialysis may be a life-saving procedure, it is not perfect. Patients must follow a specialized diet that is higher in protein and lower in phosphorus and potassium, since these minerals tend to build up quickly in the blood. They must also limit their fluid intake, since dialysis only removes so much water from the patient's body. Infection is also an ever-present specter, since a permanent access point must be created in the body for either procedure.
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